Pulmonology and Critical Care

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and CPAP Therapies

Sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has significant implications for cardiovascular health, metabolic dysfunction, and quality of life. This session reviews the pathophysiology, screening tools, and diagnostic criteria for OSA and related conditions. Emphasis is placed on the role of polysomnography, home sleep studies, and wearable technologies in enhancing diagnosis. The session covers evidence-based management strategies including lifestyle modifications, positional therapy, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Challenges in adherence, mask fitting, and long-term monitoring are addressed, along with innovations in auto-adjusting devices and telemonitoring. Special populations, such as pediatric and elderly patients, and those with comorbidities are discussed to ensure comprehensive care.