Pulmonology and Critical Care

Non-Invasive Ventilation in Acute and Chronic Care

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has revolutionized the management of both acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory disorders. This session provides a detailed overview of NIV modalities, including CPAP, BiPAP, and high-flow nasal cannula, focusing on their indications, benefits, and limitations. Clinical scenarios such as COPD exacerbations, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and neuromuscular disorders are discussed to illustrate the practical application of NIV. Advances in mask interfaces, patient-ventilator synchrony, and home-based ventilation options are reviewed. The session also addresses challenges in monitoring, patient selection, and complications such as aspiration and skin breakdown. Emphasis is placed on the importance of training and protocol standardization to ensure effective use in both hospital and home settings.